A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms in the sample, producing various signals that contain information about the surface topography and composition of the sample.
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The optical microscope in TEMAG Laboratories is capable of taking pictures in magnifications of 5x, 10x, 20x, 50x and 100x. The microscope is used for polarized images, also for microbiological images with the use of immersion oil.
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The research-grade spectrophotometer is used in a wide range of fields, and easily expanded to suit the measurement objective. Transmitance, absorbance and reflectance properties of the samples can be easily taken.
It can be possible to make these analyses for powder and thin film samples.
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The filter testing equipment is used for measuring whether the filter media is convenient to standards. The testing standards of the device are:
It is used to determine the air permeability of all kind of fabrics including industrial fabrics and fabrics without texture. 20 cm² sample holders are supplied with the device as a standard. Possibility of decreasing pressure up to 500 pa. Air permeability is saved as dm³/min.
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For nanofiber and polymer studies, viscosity is a critical parameter for determining properties of the end-product. The viscometer instrument is used for proper measurement of solution/solvent viscosities.
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Electrospinning device for production of nanofiber membranes. The device allows bottom-up spinning with one or multiple nozzels. It has a rotating collector with horizontal movement that allows production of homogenous fibrous samples.
Applications: electrospinning of nanofiber membranes for textile, filtration, biomedicine, medicine, chemical industry, construction, etc.
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AeroSpinner is a solution blow spinning system. The system uses compressed air for producing nanofibers from polymer solutions via concentric nozzle in which the solution passes through inner nozzle and the air through outer one.
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The electro-blowing system is a hybrid system capable of producing nanofiber with electro-spinning, electro blowing, and solution blow spinning method.
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Centrifugal spinning system is another nanofiber production system that uses centrifugal forces to surpass polymer solution surface tension with use of high speed rotating spinneret.
Extruder is a device to melt polymer materials that are in granule form. The polymer is heated step by step and melted under pressure. Material moves between a barrel and screw through a die to shape the molten polymer. Screw geometry changes with type of polymer.
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The compounder is used for preparation of thermoplastic composites, masterbatch, green composites, nanocomposites, filaments and polymer blends.
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The vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) is used to produce laminated composite materials. The resin is transferred from one side of the stacked reinforcing fabrics through the other side with the help of vacuum pump, and the system has hot surface to set the curing process of resin.
Figure: VARTM method demonstration (a) side view; (b) top view
This fabrication process involves winding filaments under tension over a rotating mandrel. The machine is capable of building parts up to 0.25” (7 mm) in thickness, or as thin as 0.015" (0.40 mm) wall thickness and mostly up to 20 feet long along with different kind of mandrels (2 axis & 4 axis) under different curing temperatures.
Hopper capacity is 5lt. The extruder can be heated upto 280 °C. The barrel capacity is ca. 150 gr. The spin pack has monofilament and multifilament dies with 4, 8, 36 and 71 holes. PP, HDPE, LLDPE and PA can be processed.
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Melt Flow Index measures flow rate of thermoplastic polimer that is under certain temperature and load. The value indicates thermoplastic viscous flow characteristic under melt condition.
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The vaporous sterilizer is a device used for dentistry, medicine and laboratory. There are two standards for sterilization.The pressure occurs inner chamber which has distilled water due to high temperature. It is used to kill bacteria 121°C / 15 min/atm in the lab.
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The centrifuge is ideal for seperating the supernatant from precipitate with effect of centrifugal force.
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The freeze dryer provides the drying of the product by freezing the product in solution or suspension and then removing the gas phase formed by sublimation. There are 6 manifold stainless steel vacuum towers to work with balloon joints and glass containers of different diameters and sizes.
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The glove box is a sealed container that is designed to allow one to manipulate objects where a separate atmosphere is desired. The gloves arranged in such a way that the user can place their hands into the gloves and perform tasks inside the box without breaking containment.
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Three zone tube furnace for high temperature treatment of different types of materials. The high temperature treatments can be done under controlled atmosphere (argon, nitrogen, oxigen…) during prolonged period of time.
Applications: carbonization organic samples, sintering and annealing of ceramic and inorganic materials.
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Eight-channel battery analyser for galvanostatic charge/discharge tests for coin-cell and cylindrical batteries. Each channel has independent constant-current and constant-voltage source. Different working modes and functions can be set for each channel individually. Test reports provide different types of information/curves (voltage-time curve, current-time curve, capacity-voltage curve, etc).
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The working principle of a UV Ozone Cleaner is that a mercury vapor lamp generates ultra-violet light and ozone resulting in the atomic cleaning of silicon, silicon nitride, glass, metals, ceramics and other materials. It can also be used for UV curing, UV patterning, sharpening AFM probes, ozone etching and more.
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Solar simulators are the devices that provide illumination approximating natural sunlight. The purpose of the solar simulator is to provide a controllable indoor test facility under laboratory conditions, used for the testing of solar cells, sun screen, plastics, and other materials and devices.
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Spin coating is a procedure used to deposit uniform thin films to flat substrates. In our lab, we produced nanometer thick thin film coatings using the spin coating machine.
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Dynamic and static contact angle measurements of materials are made with this device. At the same time, sequential image capture, dynamic video, surface tension and surface energy measurement are also performed. The contact angle, θ, is the quantitative measure of wetting a solid material with a liquid material.
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Ultrasonic atomizer is a powerful device for typical applications like homogenizing, emulsifying, dispersing, deagglomeration and wet-milling (particle size reduction), cell disruption and disintegration, extraction, degassing.
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Screen printing is a printing technique where a mesh is used to transfer ink onto a substrate, except in areas made impermeable to the ink by a blocking stencil.
The padding mangle is used for dyeing and squeezing the fabrics after washing. The device in Temag Lab has vertical placed rollers in front of which there is dye vat having 350 mm width.
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The stenter is used for drying and fixation of fabric samples after dyeing and washing. The drying time, temperature and air velocity are arranged according to the fabric or process specifications. The device in Temag Lab is capable of having maximum temperature of 250°C.
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